Myofascial Pain Syndrome: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

What Is Myofascial Pain Syndrome?

Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is a chronic pain disorder that affects the muscles and fascia, the connective tissues surrounding them. The condition is mainly caused by trigger points, which are tight knots in the muscle fibers that can cause direct and referred pain. Regular muscle soreness can usually get better on its own; myofascial pain syndrome doesn't naturally improve and often requires medical help.

‍

Causes of Myofascial Pain Syndrome

Understanding what leads to myofascial pain syndrome can help in both prevention and treatment. A few factors that can lead to MPS include:

1. Muscle Overuse and Repetitive Strain

Jobs or activities with repetitive motions like typing, lifting, or playing sports can strain muscles after a while, forming trigger points.

2. Poor Posture

Sitting at a desk or standing while leaning for long periods can strain specific muscles, increasing the likelihood of chronic muscle tightness.

3. Stress and Anxiety

Involuntary muscle clenching happens when people have regular emotional stress, which can lead to tension and persistent muscle knots. This is why people who frequently experience high-stress levels are more likely to develop MPS.

4. Muscle Trauma or Injury

A muscle injury, like a strain or sprain, can cause muscle fibers to unusually contract, which usually results in chronic pain and sensitivity.

5. Nutritional Deficiencies

Vitamin D, magnesium, and iron deficiency can contribute to muscle dysfunction, making the body more susceptible to pain.

‍

Symptoms of Myofascial Pain Syndrome

People with myofascial pain syndrome often report a variety of persistent and worsening symptoms, including:

1. Deep, Aching Muscle Pain

The main sign of MPS is a deep, throbbing, or burning pain in affected muscles. The discomfort often worsens with activity or stress.

2. Tender Knots or Trigger Points

Knots in the muscle may feel tender or painful when pressed. These trigger points may also cause other body areas in the body to feel pain.(referred pain).

3. Reduced Range of Motion

Tight muscles can limit movement, making daily activities like reaching overhead or turning the head difficult.

4. Muscle Weakness and Fatigue

Affected muscles often feel tired and weak, even without significant exertion.

5. Sleep Disturbances

Pain and muscle tightness can make finding a comfortable position challenging, leading to poor sleep quality and daytime fatigue.

‍

How Is Myofascial Pain Syndrome Diagnosed?

There is no single test for diagnosing MPS. Instead, doctors rely on physical exams and symptom history. Your physician may check for:

• Tender trigger points in the affected muscles.
• Referred pain patterns associated with active trigger points.
• Muscle tightness or stiffness affecting range of motion.
• Additional symptoms such as stress-related muscle tension or fatigue.

‍

Effective Treatments for Myofascial Pain Syndrome

Fortunately, many treatment options can help relieve myofascial pain.

1. Physical Therapy

Targeted exercises and stretching techniques help release trigger points and restore normal muscle function.

2. Dry Needling & Trigger Point Injections

• Dry needling involves inserting thin needles into trigger points to relieve tension.
• Trigger-point injections use lidocaine or corticosteroids to reduce pain and inflammation.

3. Medication for Pain Management

• NSAIDs (e.g., ibuprofen, naproxen) can reduce inflammation and discomfort.
• Muscle relaxants help ease persistent tightness.
• Antidepressants or anticonvulsants may be prescribed for nerve-related pain.

4. Massage Therapy & Myofascial Release

Deep tissue massage and manual therapy techniques can relieve muscle tension and break up trigger points.

5. Heat and Cold Therapy

Applying heat pads increases blood flow and helps relax tight muscles, while cold packs reduce inflammation and numb pain.

6. Stress Reduction & Relaxation Techniques

• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) can help manage stress-related muscle tension.
• Mindfulness, yoga, and deep breathing exercises promote relaxation and reduce pain intensity.

7. Lifestyle Modifications & Prevention

• Maintain proper posture while working or sitting.
• Stay active with gentle stretching and low-impact exercises.
• Improve sleep hygiene to support muscle recovery.
• Follow an anti-inflammatory diet rich in vitamins and minerals.

‍

Conclusion: Take Control of Your Pain

If you are experiencing muscle pain that won't go away, the team at Brazos Valley Pain Specialists are here to help. Schedule an appointment with Dr. Anderson today and take the first step toward pain relief.

‍

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. Can myofascial pain syndrome go away on its own?

While mild cases may improve with rest and stretching, chronic myofascial pain typically requires treatment to prevent worsening symptoms.

2. How is myofascial pain different from fibromyalgia?

Myofascial pain is localized to specific muscle groups and linked to trigger points. Fibromyalgia, on the other hand, causes widespread pain without identifiable muscle knots.

3. What is the best treatment for myofascial pain?

A combination of physical therapy, trigger point therapy, medications, and stress management tends to provide the best results.

4. How long does it take to recover from myofascial pain syndrome?

Recovery time varies but can range from a few weeks to several months, depending on severity and treatment consistency.

5. How can I prevent myofascial pain from returning?

Maintaining good posture, reducing stress, exercising regularly, and addressing muscle imbalances can help prevent future flare-ups.